Biliopancreatic diversion

Biliopancreatic diversion is a bariatric surgical procedure, developed from Italian research and first performed at the University of Genoa in 1976.

The procedure involves three surgical steps, all performed during the same operation:

1. A subtotal gastrectomy (or distal gastric resection), which removes about two-thirds of the stomach, including the pylorus.
2. A cholecystectomy, which is the removal of the gallbladder to prevent future gallstone formation.
3. The biliopancreatic diversion itself, which uses a double conduit to divide the small intestine into two separate pathways for ingested food and digestive juices, delaying their mixing.

Why Undergo Biliopancreatic Diversion?

This surgery reduces the specific intestinal absorption of fats and complex sugars (carbohydrates). It can result in a weight loss of about 70% of excess weight within 12 to 18 months post-operation.

When is Biliopancreatic Diversion Recommended?

Biliopancreatic diversion is the most effective procedure for patients with obesity complicated by diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. It is also recommended for patients who have undergone previous surgeries without successful weight loss.

How to Prepare for Biliopancreatic Diversion?

The procedure does not require any special preparations.

What to Expect After Biliopancreatic Diversion?

Biliopancreatic diversion has lifelong effects, making long-term postoperative management crucial. To prevent nutritional problems, it is essential to include a good amount of protein in the diet, limit the absorption of simple sugars, avoid deficiencies in calcium and vitamins, and ensure sufficient iron intake, especially in the initial years.